Team Development Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Group Development - Coursework Example The team suggested that a little gathering goes through five phases to get completely developed (Tuckman and Jensen, 2010). They proposed the ways to incorporate; framing, raging, norming, performing lastly the deferring stages. It is hence that any group head should attempt to know the qualities of each stage so he/she can discover and receive the fundamental aptitudes to manage the individuals challenges. The accompanying article is about the stages gone through by the business group shaped by Barclays Bank to build their piece of the overall industry by offering advances and different items to which I was a part. This stage was portrayed by a great deal of interest and fervor the same number of us were not yet certain about the genuine motivation behind the group. The vast majority at this stage didn't have any acquaintance with one another and their capacity/abilities. Nonetheless, the colleagues were well mannered and open to one another. The group head was exceptionally activity and more outcome arranged. He acquainted us with significant assignments in an offer to amplify well disposed environment to see undertakings embraced and finished in time. He was mandate at this level and strolled through the group giving bearings. Here we had a few contradictions and clashes among ourselves as different individuals understood the undertakings were very testing. A few partners turned out to be absolutely incorporative with one another, in any event, scrutinizing the authority of the group head and his jobs other along these lines fuelling the contentions. This, be that as it may, is normal at this phase as indicated by (Eyre and Mind Tool Team, 2014). They recommend that the pioneer should be self-assured and progressively positive to the primary objective, aptitudes that were missing in our group head. They suggest that He/she ought to try and think about preparing individuals on compromise and disclose to them that whatever was going on at that stage was ordinary (Eyre and Mind Tool Team, 2014). This was not the situation with

Public’s perception of police Essay

Do you think the occasions of September 11, 2001, changed the public’s impression of police? Clarify how and why. One accepts the open recognition has influenced from great to awful over years. For example, directly after the September eleventh psychological oppressor assaults on the Twin Towers, the mass loss of regular folks, police, just as local group of fire-fighters work force increased open compassion. The Cypress Times clarifies, â€Å"It remains the deadliest day in U.S. law requirement history: 72 harmony officials executed in the line of obligation during the psychological oppressor assaults of September 11, 2001† (Kouri, 2011). The open saw the loss of divisions just as law implementation officials as legends for the mental fortitude of attempting to endeavor to spare lives and coloring in real life. These people were not, at this point only the individuals one would attempt to keep away from, for example, with traffic tickets, these were the people society would perceive and come to thank. Be that as it may, as society isn't only one individual and incorporates the psyches of many came a lot of discussion. Alongside such huge plot to slaughter Americans incorporated the matter of who to fault for such assaults. Was the fault toward the absence of air terminal security and work force by the air terminal police, the President of the United States or for the robbers? Regardless of habitual pettiness numerous laws were undoubtedly upheld after the September eleventh assaults on United States soil. The League for Revolutionary Party shows, Perhaps, many idea, September 11 would check the start of when all Americans would stand together in solidarity and equality†¦. lawmakers passed new laws like the â€Å"USA Patriot Act† that enormously extended police forces to spy, capture and cross examine suspects (League for Revolutionary Party, 2011). For sure, the same number of laws intend to help, one accepts this would give cops more slack to utilize forces of police activities. The League for Revolutionary Party further delineates, â€Å"The star cop climate cultivated after September 11 gave the police a green light to beat, shoot and execute unafraid of discipline or even much attention† (League for Revolutionary Party, 2011). One accepts this is to some degree precise as the assaults are particularly engraved in numerous individual personalities, in any case, the appreciative disposition of Americans moved quick from the saints of that day to the legends that are as of now sent due to the September eleventh assaults. Regardless of what there will consistently be awful cops; there were some before September eleventh and after September eleventh. The assaults had an impact yet regardless of the assaults a significant part of the open will accept police racially profile or are the miscreants that simply give people tickets. In spite of assessments, officials are there to serve and secure. References: Kouri, K. (2011, August 20). 72 Police Officers Killed On 9/11 To Be Remembered On tenth Anniversary. Recovered from http://www.thecypresstimes.com League for Revolutionary Party. (2011, Fall). Police Terror since September 11. Recovered from http://www.Irp-cofi.org

How to Write an Academic Essay

How to Write an Academic Essay How to Write an Academic Essay Why Writing an Academic Paper is Important for Student A well written academic paper is a complex written exercise, which many students have to finish in order to improve their knowledge and to prove they have learned something great during the semester. Students have to use the topic provided by the teacher and express their view on it. Writing a custom essay is a good way to test student's knowledge and confirm that what they have learned will stay with them for a long period of time. Every academic paper is a strong indicator of student's success, whereas a good academic research paper is the best means to earn the highest grade. Students who excel in writing academic paper works have better chances to meet grade criteria and requirements. Every essay paper moves them closer to the perfect standards of academic performance, making it easier to get high scores. Methods of academic research paper writing will certainly vary as students gradually move from the lowest towards the highest level of academic performance. At the college level, the paper will contain more important information than a high school work. The process of moving from one level to another is natural and slow, but students should not forget that they need to show this progress in their academic term papers. For instance, university and MBA students should display perfect knowledge of their discipline in order to be considered as experts in their profession.

Eugenics Is A Theory Of Eugenics - 1579 Words

During the late 19th and early 20th century a popular new theory started to spread. Based in the ideas of Charles Darwin, the theory of eugenics came about. During its time, it was embraced almost unanimously throughout the world. This theory had very few objectors to the practice of eugenics. But what is eugenics anyways? Why was it poplar exactly? And what were its impacts on the world we live in today? Eugenics is a theory that had many different reasons for being popular, and many differing impact on our world today. Eugenics is an interesting topic that could be said to have taken the world by storm in the late 19th and early 20th century, and exploring its meaning, popularity, and impacts is too. Eugenics, simply put, is the†¦show more content†¦But, after Galton released his research many found the theory interesting. Interesting enough that eugenics became an academic subject taught and researched at a multitude of colleges and universities. This research at colleges and universities were given funding from various sources such as the rich and government. There were even three International Eugenics Conferences which gave a global location for eugenicists where they could meet. With gatherings in 1912 in London, and in 1921 and 1932 in New York. This interest in eugenics was not only limited to the academic world (Haller)(Bashford). Eugenic policies began being employed during the early 20th century in the United States. Later, in the 1920s and 30s, eugenic policies were applied in other countries, comprising Belgium, Canada, Japan, and many others (Adams). The policies and programs were mainly implemented in different degrees around the world include, genetic screening, birth control, marriage restrictions, segregation of both race and the mentally ill, obligatory sterilization, forced abortions and pregnancies, and genocide(Bashford). Many different groups of people were targeted by these policies. Those who were targeted included the poor, mentally ill, blind, deaf, disabled, promiscuous women, homosexuals, and racial groups – the most notable racial groups targeted were the Jews and Gypsies during the holocaust (Dikotter). As a social movement, eugenics reached its greatestShow MoreRelatedEugenics : The Theory Of Eugenics1552 Words   |  7 PagesEugenics History The theory of Eugenics can be dated back all the way to 400 B.C. but was not popularized until the mid-1800s by an English scientist, Francis Galton. He researched and published the theory that aimed to improve the genetic quality of the human population through selective breeding (NC Office of Archives and History). As the half-cousin of Charles Darwin, Galton applied the Darwinism science (survival of the fittest) to heredity characteristics. Two types of Eugenics stemmed fromRead MoreThe Theory Of Liberal Eugenics1927 Words   |  8 Pages Nicholas Agar, in Liberal Eugenics promotes a more neutral position of moral obligation to tolerance in respecting the differences people have regarding what constitutes a valuable trait and their perceptions of a good life, thus seemingly avoiding the authoritarian eugenics of the past. In this new conception of eugenics governments cannot tell parents what children should be like and parents will respect their child’s autonomy as not to favor one specific identity or lifestyle over another. InRead MoreThe Theory Of Sterilization Of Minorities By Supporting The Eugenics Movement950 Words   |  4 Pagesin the United States and Nazi-reigned Germany. Supposedly, this rhetoric has been disproven throughout the United States; however, there are proven accounts that the United States government has recently supported this theory of sterilization of minorities by supporting the eugenics movement. This movement was not only practiced in Nazi Germany, but also on United States soi l. The topic of improving the genetic makeup of different races has not only just become a common theme for many modern dayRead MoreAmerican Funding Of Nazi Eugenics1114 Words   |  5 PagesAmerican Funding of Nazi Eugenics Eugenics is a complex term that has been studied and discussed internationally and throughout the eras. A basic definition of eugenics is the scientific study of race improvement. The definition is then broken up into two different aspects, positive eugenics and negative eugenics. Positive eugenics is defined as improving a race by focusing on ways to increasing the better population. Incentives are given to those superior races or populations to have childrenRead MoreWar Against The Weak : Eugenics And America s Campaign1193 Words   |  5 PagesAmerican philosophers, theorists, and scientists began experimenting and theorizing the idea of eugenics. Derived from Darwinian theories and the extensive works of Gregor Mendel, eugenics is known as a set of practices aimed at enhancing the human genome into sameness. Edwin Black’s â€Å"War Against the Weak: Eugenics and America’s Campaign to Create a Master Race† looks at the horrific background of eugenics, the ones who supported it, and the twisted ends it came to. This source, along with the two othersRead MoreThe Social Construction Of Deviance And Eugenics1542 Words   |  7 PagesANALYSIS PAPER THE SOCIAL CONSTRUCTION OF DEVIANCE AND EUGENICS â€Æ' ABSTRACT In this paper I will be analyzing the social construct of deviance and the topic of Eugenics theoretically, and how this practice transitioned from being deviant back in the early 20th century to a modern technology that can be used to help parents have healthy children. I will use different scholarly sources to compare and review different positions in the theories used as they relate to the topic at hand.â€Æ' Geisy CobasRead MoreEugenics: A Controversial Science Essay examples1160 Words   |  5 PagesEugenics has been a very controversial science that has existed in the world for centuries. Eugenics is defined as â€Å"the study of or belief in the possibility of improving the qualities of the human species or a human population by such means as discouraging reproduction by persons having genetic defects or presumed to have inheritable undesirable traits (negative eugenics) or encouraging reproduction by persons presumed to have inheritable desirable traits (positive eugenics)(Dictionary.com, 2005)Read MoreThe Eugenics Movement During The 20th Century1339 Words   |  6 Pages Elements of the American Eugenics movement acted as models for the Nazis, whose radical interpretation of the movement lead to the Holocaust (Dolan DNA Learning Center). Eugenics is simply the controlled reproduction of individuals with â€Å"good† genes and discouraging those who have â€Å"bad† genes against reproduction (Dolan DNA Learning Center). Many Eugenicists lobbied for social legislation to keep racial and ethnic groups segregated. They also sought to restrict immigration and sterilized thoseRead MoreIs Gene Therapy a Form of Eugenics Essay1036 Words   |  5 PagesDoherty SO209 28th March, 2013 Is Gene Therapy a Form of Eugenics? In his article Is Gene Therapy a Form of Eugenics, John Harris discusses the concept of Eugenics when it comes to using Gene Therapy. Harris defines Eugenics as adapting to the production of â€Å"fine† offspring, or artificially producing offspring to fit certain criteria. He stresses on how this concept should be achieved. His main argument is that we should be in favor of Eugenics when it comes to potentially saving a child from livingRead MoreAn Evaluation Of The Economic Benefits And Ethical Issues Of Population Control1474 Words   |  6 PagesTitle Population control: an evaluation of the economic benefits and ethical issues of population control through the use of eugenics Background The topic of population has been prevalent in the study of economics but particularly since Thomas Malthus published his book ‘Essay on the Principle of Population’ (1798). Malthus was the first economist to propose a systematic theory of population. Malthus proposed in his book that humans grow exponentially whereas the food supply grows at an arithmetic

President John F. Kennedy - 1232 Words

President John f. Kennedy once said, The goal of education is the advancement of knowledge and the dissemination of truth. The yearning for higher education has come to a roadblock with the rising prices of college. The average American income cannot keep pace with rising college prices because colleges and universities are building up their schools, creating debt, and putting the burden on their students by raising tuition prices. The average American income cannot keep pace with rising college prices. During Clinton’s presidency, the nation experienced a flourishing economy. Millions of jobs created in the growth of the economy and as a result, unemployment reached remarkable record lows. American income grew at blistering†¦show more content†¦Pear also wrote that households led by a person of the age of twenty-five to thirty-four years old, the median income declined by 4.5 percent, while it only decreased by 5.7 percent for thirty-five to fourty-four year olds, 2 .5 percent for fourty-five to fifty-four year olds, and 7 percent for fifty-five to sixty-four year olds. With huge declines early in the recovery from the recession, black households median income has risen by 3.5% over the past three years, while Hispanic households income, unfortunately, has remained flat since 2011 writes Luhby. With income slowly rising, and with a growing minority population, college accessibility needs to accommodate to the American economy. Colleges and Universities keep building up their schools and creating debt. Every year it seems that an institution expands or renovates their campus. Building bigger academic facilities and extravagant sporting complexes to attract students. It seems most of these expansions are to â€Å"one up† the competition. These lavish expenditures have to receive funds somehow. Taking out loans and going into debt seems to be the only answer. At Indiana State University, university trustees requested sixty-four million dollars in state capital improvement funds to finance the Nursing, Health, and Human Services Building renovation and expansion for 2015-2017, according to Indian eGov

Liberal Peace Free Essays

Essay Topic: â€Å"The global reach of liberalism will inevitably lead to peace and security for all† what are the grounds for this argument? Answer: Liberalism is a theory of international relations with a view point that human is born good and free. In this question will require a discussion on the Democratic Peace Theory which was emphasised after the Cold War and the fall of the Soviet Union. The main argument was that democratic states tend not to fight other democratic states. We will write a custom essay sample on Liberal Peace or any similar topic only for you Order Now This theory has been associated largely with writings of Michael Doyle and Bruce Russet. Early authors like Immanuel Kant also foreshadowed the theory of peace between liberal democracies in his essay â€Å"Perpetual Peace† written in 1795. The idea that Liberalism will inevitably lead to peace and security was based on the ground that Liberal democracies naturally seek for peace, the spirit of free commerce, the interdependence among states and the principle of Human rights. Liberalism by definition sees human beings as non- violent, born good and seeking to develop ties and as such naturally they are not interested in waging wars. In Kant’s words, peace can be perpetual. War is therefore both unnatural and irrational. According to Doyle wars were created by militaristic and undemocratic government for their own interests. Paine also in his work â€Å"The right of Man† said the war system was contrived to preserve the power. War provides governments with the excuses to raise taxes and expand bureaucratic apparatus and increase their control over the citizens. However according Liberals Democracy will create a zone of peace. If we defined democracy as the government of the people for the people by the people then it will be impossible for citizens who bear the burdens of war to elect a government who will take them to war (Doyle 1967: 1151). Nations like France, Germany, United Kingdom, Italy and Austria are less likely to fight any war among them since they have memories of the damages and massive destructions of the world war one and world war two. Democratic states have much respect for civil rights. If it is wrong for an individual within a state to commit a crime against another individual so does it applies to democratic nations. It is wrong for one democratic nation to wage war against another democratic nation. This idea was also developed in Kant’s rgument about the league of peace or pacific federation (Foedus Pacificum) This idea of peace is based on all human beings which stand in an ethical relationship to one another. For Kant’s â€Å"this league of does not seek any power of sort possessed by any nation, but only the maintenance and security of each nation’s own freedom â€Å". Doyle will later expand on this proposition that liberal states have a unique ability and willingness to es tablish peaceful relations among themselves. The second key assumption of liberalism on which peace and security can be achieved is the practice of free trade among nations. The mercantilist period of history is linked to the rise of the modern nations in Europe. This period could be described as the time which nations were focused narrowly on gaining wealth and discouraging imports. The mercantilist policies included restrictions on import and development of colonial empires. Mercantilist view was that of the Louis XIV’s finance Minister, Jean Baptist Colbert who said â€Å"trade is a source of finance and finance is the vital nerve of war† According Carr â€Å"the aim of mercantilism was not to promote the welfare of the community and its members but to augment the power of the state†. In process of promoting export mercantile nations setup barriers to discourage import and conflicts were often caused. However Kant said unhindered commerce between the people of the world unite them in a common and peaceful enterprise. Later view by Joseph Schumpeter also supports the claim of Kant. According to Schumpeter, capitalism produces an unwarlike disposition; its populace is â€Å"democratised individualised and rationalised† therefore democratic capitalism leads to peace. Over the last 15 years regional trade agreements have become defining features of the modern economy and a powerful force for globalisation. As of July 2007 more than 380 regional trade agreements had been notified to the World Trade Organisation (Crawford and Fiorentino). As the French philosopher Baron of Montesquieu said in 1748 â€Å"peace is a natural effect of commerce† (Humphery’s 2004) increasingly many countries are realising that their interest may best be served by integration with like-minded countries that have similar economies. Regional trade integration can support peace. The believe that trade can foster peace among nations have been seen it real world practice when in December 2004 Israel and Egypt signed a trade protocol with the US designed to accelerate the rapprochement between the two countries. This deal allowed the Egyptian to export freely the US. Another examples of this agreement which seeks promote peace through trade is the regional agreement signed by the Tunisian and the Morocco Governments with the EU this in order to curtail the rise and spread fundamentalism in these two countries. These examples justify the claim by the American radical democrat Paine when he announced that â€Å"if commerce were permitted to act to the universal extent it is capable, it would extirpate the system of war. Closely linked to the idea of Free Trade and commerce as means of achieving peace and security among Liberal nations is the notion of interdependence and liberal institutionalism, no nation in the world can claim absolute independence or dependence. All nations are closely linked to each other and have become interdependent on each other. The evolution of communication, transportation, the invention of deadly weapons such as the nuclear bomb, the contagious nature of economy and the growing demographic pressure on the planets are just few of the factors that explain this interdependence. The formation of regional economic groups such as the European Union, the North American Free Trade Agreement in the Latin America, the ASEAN, in Asia and the African Union were inspired the belief that the likelihood of conflict between states would be reduced by creating a common interest in trade and economic collaboration. Liberal Institutionalism also agrees the interdependence of nations can create a zone of peace which Kant called the Pacific Federation of which is made of more than sixty countries. War according to Kant is less probable to occur between any two nations of this federation this does not mean that pacific nations do not go to war. In the nineteenth century countries like the United States and the Great Britain have continually had misunderstanding and wars but after the reformation of the British Parliament in 1832, Britain and the United States were able to negotiate their disputes without resorting to conflict. Britain and France who were rivals in colonial front were able to form an entente against the illiberal Germany before the World War I. President Woodrow Wilson will late proclaim the reigning peace in message of April 2, 1917: â€Å" Our object now as then, is to vindicate the principles of peace and justice in the life of the world as against selfish and autocratic power and to set up amongst the really free and self-governed people of the world such a concert of purpose and as will henceforth ensure the observance of those principles. † How to cite Liberal Peace, Papers

Simple Analysis of Financial Outsourcing †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Simple Analysis of Financial Outsourcing. Answer: Introduction Outsourcing is a procedure adopted by many organisations to decrease their expenses by transferring parts of their business functions to third party suppliers, instead of performing it internally in the organisation. This strategy is adopted by companies to reduce their operating costs. It is a common procedure performed by technology companies and other industries. Various business functions such as manufacturing parts, human resources, information technology, legal, call centers, bookkeeping, business analysis, and marketing. There are various large companies outsourcing their business to other organisations such as Staples, IBM, Kingston, Hewlett Packard and much more. This report will discuss from the perspective of IBM, regarding the benefits and drawbacks of outsourcing a particular business function to another company. The aim of this report is to understand the benefits and challenges of outsourcing a business function to the third party. IBM prefers to outsource their business to another company because it reduces their cost of operations. But outsourcing a business has its difficulties as well. The company outsourcing its business losses the control of management over such function, they face the risk of a data leak, a decrease in customers satisfaction and other labour issues. The object of this report is to understand both the advantages and disadvantages of the outsourcing through the perspective of IBM. This report will discuss the perspective of IBM and various other companies that have succeeded and failed while outsourcing to understand the topic in depth. Further, it will discuss benefits and drawbacks that a company faced while outsourcing. The outsourcing strategies applied by IBM and other companies, and their ability to succeed will be discussed. This report will analyse different theories of outsourcing given by various market experts to determine its rewards and limitations. Literature Review Outsourcing is a method of transferring business functions to third party organisations, adopted by different companies to reduce the cost of operations and increase the efficiency of the work. It is a significantly popular method for reducing the cost that is used by companies worldwide, especially enterprises of developed companies (Gospel and Sako 2010). IBM is an American international technology organisation, incorporated in 1911. The company operates in computing, cloud programming, and information technology industry. The firm outsourced their IT process to third party companies from Malaysia, India, and Singapore, which allow them to focus on their core values. The organisation has more than 40 data center globally, engaged in providing IT services to their customers. IBM is known for their expertise in technology outsourcing services (Pierce 2011). Outsourcing is transferring of duties, work and authority to an outside organisation. It allows companies to increase their attention to the core business and assist them to gain a competitive advantage by reducing their cost of operations. Organisations have the option to either outsource whole process or just a part of the process. For example, the paper of Dhar (2012) provided that, IBM transfers the process of monitoring the management of an IT system, but they perform end-user support process internally. This help in increasing the on-site support for workers. According to the research of Gorla and Somers (2014), outsourcing strategy of IBM is focused on achieving improved consumer service quality and decreased operation cost. It helps the enterprise in creating permanently or temporary provisions for employment, skilled labour and improved products design. While formulating the strategies for outsourcing, an organisation should evaluate the potential grounds and all the mechanisms to analyse which part or function of business should be outsourced. Following are the popular business functions that an organisation outsourced: Human Resource management Bookkeeping and accounting process Technical process Service management Manufacturing components process Call centres Research facilities Legal procedures Outsourcing a function of a business can significantly benefit the business and help them gain competitive advantage. In modern time, there are a large number of companies that have adopted outsourcing as a key part of their business procedure. There are numerous advantages enjoyed by IBM through outsourcing their business function. IBM reduce several of their operational costs by outsourcing their business function such as employee salary expenses, workplace expenses and other expenses related to providing workplace or manufacturing set-up to the employees. The cost of providing these facilities are way cheaper in outside countries as compare to developed countries. It helps IBM in gaining a cost advantage over its competitors (Mohr, Sengupta and Slater 2011). Attention to Core Business By outsourcing the remaining functions of operations, an organisation can focus on the key elements of their business. The outsourcing allows IBM to implement all their resources in core business activity and help improve their business functions. According to Han and Mithas (2013), the company focus on manufacturing computer hardware in America and transfer their information technology services to third party companies. This allows IBM to enhance the quality and efficiency of their hardware since they are not disrupted by daily activities of IT services. Organisations usually outsourced their business to companies who are specialised in the particular field. The employees of the enterprise have skills, equipments and technical knowledge to perform such task better than outsourcing company. This help company performed their tasks with higher efficiency, less time and better quality. IBM gained the same advantage by outsourcing their IT services to 40 of their data center worldwide. In the research of Zhang and Gu (2013), Tesco rather than teaching their employees regarding the latest technology or hiring new employees, the company outsourced the work to third parties. This helps the enterprise in reducing the time and expenses for the operations and gained them a competitive advantage. The benefit of outsourcing includes a high level of customers satisfaction since the outsourced work is performed by experts. The contract of outsourcing bound the company to perform their task and services with high level of quality. Therefore, if an employee gets sick, the organisation is bound to find a substitute to complete their work. IBM has more than 380,000 employees, and the majority of their employees are in their data centers situated in Malaysia, India, and Singapore. This allows the company to provide 24-hour service to their customers with high expertise. The organisation enjoys a high rate of customers satisfaction due to the support from their data centers. Operational efficiency Outsourcing provides an organisation expertise of third parties that ensure more efficiency in the workplace. This allows faster achievement of tasks while maintaining a high level of quality. The outsourcing of remaining functions allows employees to focus on essential tasks and completing them with efficiency. IBM has implemented an efficient structure in the organisation, which allows them to focus on core objectives, instead of secondary tasks such as daily supervision of data centers. The agreement of outsourcing allows organisations to share their business risk with other organisations. The contract of outsourcing forced the organisation to provide a high quality of services. If they failed to do so, then outsourcing company can charge them for compensation and sue them in court. This allows the organisation to share risks and it compels companies to maintain a quality in their services. IBM implements this policy to ensure high quality of services, and share their risk with other organisations (Hsuan and Mahnke 2011). Along with numerous advantages, there are several disadvantages in the outsourcing process. The popularity of outsourcing has created various new administrative problems that are faced by organisations while outsourcing their business. The strategy of outsourcing is easy to replicate by organisations. One organisation can gain competitive advantage through outsourcing by its competitors can apply the same strategy in their business model. For example, IBM reduced its cost by outsourcing their IT services but its competitor gained the same advantage as well such as Hewlett-Packard and Dell. The outsourcing strategy also introduces new competition for organisations since it is applied by most technology companies (Mourdoukoutas 2011). Forfeiture of Managerial Control After signing the outsourcing agreement, a company transfers its responsibilities, rights, duties, and authority of performing tasks, in a particular division, to the third party. The company owns the division but the managerial control gets transferred to another firm. The outsourcing firm might not work according to the principle of the organisation, or they could have several clients which reduce their focus on organisational tasks. IBM faced the same problems since most of their data centers are situated in Malaysia, India, and Singapore, therefore the application of proper managerial control over them is difficult for the company (Gonzalez, Gasco and Llopis 2010). While outsourcing their business functions, a company deals with rules and regulations of different organisations and countries. The contract of outsourcing specifies the charges of services but the organisation could face various hidden expenses. There could be additional legal charges for verifying the outsourcing agreement. The change in market regulation of India can affect the cost of IBM since they have to follow new rules and implement them in organisational structure (Jain, Hasija and Popescu 2013). The information and data of a company are its essential elements and leakage of data could affect the revenue of a business. According to Sparrow (2012), while outsourcing a business, the company faces a threat on confidentiality of their data. The organisation has to share its data with another company, and their poor regulation can leak the data of a company. IBM faces the same risk since they have to share confidential information of their clients with data centers, to provide their services. Poor regulation of one data center can leak important information of clients which could be detrimental for the organisation. According to Epstein (2012), outsourcing a business could reduce the reputation and standard of quality of an organisation. For example, if a car gets damaged due to a faulty part manufactured by the outsourced organisation, then the car company faced the burden of a damaged reputation. The company could charge the outsourced company for the expenses but the loss of reputation remains with the car company. Language obstacles According to Zirpoli and Becker (2011), if a company outsourced its business function of the call center to an organisation of different country, then the difference in language barrier could be dissatisfied for the consumer. The customer could get frustrated while dealing with an operator with a strong accent. IBM outsourced its work to Malaysia, India, and Singapore, and many people there have a thick accent which can be frustrating for IBMs clients to understand. The research of Willcocks and Cullen (2013), while outsourcing their business, a company required to dismiss their employees. Unless the company clearly planned their process, the layoffs are unavoidable. This is difficult for the organisation and if not managed properly it could adversely affect other workers. A recent post from Economic times provided that, IBM India may dismiss more than 5,000 employees in next few months (Dayama 2017). A decision like this affects the reputation of the organisation and also affects the productivity of employees. IBM has gained a huge advantage over its competitors through outsourcing their information technology services to third party companies. The organisation is popular of their expertise over the outsourcing process. In 2010, IBM announced, Next-Generation BPO which will provide their customers extended services and resources to make knowledgeable decisions (Miozzo and Grimshaw 2011). IBM conducted research through their scientists over more than 56 companies with 38 non-IBM and 18 IBM clients. The study concluded that there is a relation between outsourcing of IT services and improvement in main business functions for those companies. Outsourcing IT services are a part of effective management strategy, which can be used by the organisation in enhancing their business performance (IBM 2010). According to the research, benefits of outsourcing impacted over following aspects of a business (Figure 1): Selling, General, and Administrative Costs: The companies find a slow growth in rate of selling, general and administrative cost because of outsourcing. The SGA costs of outsourcing organisation were less than 4.2 points compared to their competitors. The rate of Return on Assets: The rate of return on assets of companies has grown rapidly. Their rate was 7.5 points lower than market standards but after implementing outsourcing strategy the rate of return on assets raised 16.1 points. Income before Interest and Taxes: More than two third of researched companies seen a growth in income as compared to their competitors. The outsourcing companies recorded a growth of 11.8 points higher than their competitors, in their income. Future benefits: The length of outsourcing agreement also affect its benefits. A longer outsourcing agreement is more likely to enhance the profits results of an organisation. 54 percent of research companies with less than one year of outsourcing contract did not experience positive income growth, while around 71 percent of organisations with more than one year of agreement seen a positive income rate for more than $100 million. According to Ellyn (2005), the research proved the advantages of outsourcing the IT service function of organisations. IBM has succeeded in the outsourcing business by introducing new technology and strategies. The company keeps updating their policies according to the marketing conditions of countries where they outsourced. The organisation focused on providing a better working environment to its employees, to enhance their productivity. The outsourcing strategy of IBM allows them to provide their customers a high quality of services. The rate of customers satisfaction is significantly high in IBM, as compared to its competitors. The research of Mclvor (2010) provided that, the strategy of outsourcing has been proven to be successful in case of IBM and various other companies as well, such as Accenture, Manulife, and Fluor. The president of Flour, Robert Taylor said that the flexibility provided due to the outsourcing procedure has assisted their company in increasing their ventures sites. Outsourcing is providing more benefits to an organisation than just cost reduction and efficient working. The strategy allows IBM to enhance their capabilities globally and achieves efficiency in business. The outsourcing strategy provides IBM flexibility and effect that help in their sustainable development in the future (Savvas 2012). Conclusion From the above report, it can be concluded that various organisations outsourced different business function of their company. This provides them several advantages such as cost reduction, customer service enhancement, flexibility and expertise over its business function. But companies face different drawbacks such as easy replication, hidden costs, lay-offs, loss of managerial control and quality risk. Various companies such as IBM have successfully implemented an outsourcing strategy in their organisation that allows them to enhance the quality of their customer services and increase their efficiency. Before outsourcing their business functions, a company should establish clear and strong guidelines to assist them in the process of outsourcing. References Dayama, R., 2017. IBM India may sack 5,000 employees over next few quarters. Economic Times. Retrieved from https://tech.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/corporate/ibm-india-may-sack-5000-employees-over-next-few-quarters/58698747 Dhar, S., 2012. From outsourcing to Cloud computing: evolution of IT services.Management Research Review,35(8), pp.664-675. Ellyn, B., 2005. New IBM Research Quantifies the Long-Term Impact of IT Outsourcing on Three Business Metrics. Outsourcing center. Retrieved from https://www.outsourcing-center.com/2005-12-new-ibm-research-quantifies-the-long-term-impact-of-it-outsourcing-on-three-business-metrics-article-37692.html Epstein, W.N., 2012. Contract theory and the failures of public-private contracting.Cardozo L. Rev.,34, p.2211. Gonzalez, R., Gasco, J. and Llopis, J., 2010. Information systems outsourcing reasons and risks: a new assessment.Industrial Management Data Systems,110(2), pp.284-303. Gorla, N. and Somers, T.M., 2014. The impact of IT outsourcing on information systems success.Information Management,51(3), pp.320-335. Gospel, H. and Sako, M., 2010. The unbundling of corporate functions: the evolution of shared services and outsourcing in human resource management.Industrial and Corporate Change,19(5), pp.1367-1396. Han, K. and Mithas, S., 2013. Information technology outsourcing and non-IT operating costs: An empirical investigation.Mis Quarterly,37(1). Hsuan, J. and Mahnke, V., 2011. Outsourcing RD: a review, model, and research agenda.Rd Management,41(1), pp.1-7. IBM., 2010. Business impact of outsourcing: a fact-based analysis. [PDF file]. IBM Global Services. Retrieved from https://www-03.ibm.com/innovation/ca/en/pdf/business_impact_of_Outsourcing.pdf Jain, N., Hasija, S. and Popescu, D.G., 2013. Optimal contracts for outsourcing of repair and restoration services.Operations Research,61(6), pp.1295-1311. McIvor, R., 2010.Global services outsourcing. Cambridge University Press. Miozzo, M. and Grimshaw, D., 2011. Capabilities of large services outsourcing firms: the outsourcing plus staff transfer model in EDS and IBM.Industrial and Corporate Change,20(3), pp.909-940. Mohr, J.J., Sengupta, S. and Slater, S.F., 2011. Mapping the outsourcing landscape.Journal of Business Strategy,32(1), pp.42-50. Mourdoukoutas, P., 2011. The Unintended Consequences of Outsourcing. Forbes. Retrieved from https://www.forbes.com/sites/panosmourdoukoutas/2011/12/09/the-unintended-consequences-of-outsourcing/#1b39d7467e36 Pierce, F., 2011. The Top 10 Outsourcing Companies in the World. Supply chain. Retrieved from https://www.supplychaindigital.com/scm/top-10-outsourcing-companies-world Savvas, A., 2012. La Caixa Banks on huge 1.7 bn IBM outsourcing deal. Computerworld. Internet Document. Sparrow, E., 2012.Successful IT outsourcing: from choosing a provider to managing the project. Springer Science Business Media. Willcocks, L. and Cullen, S., 2013.Intelligent IT outsourcing. Routledge. Zhang, L. and Gu, W., 2013. The simple analysis of impact on financial outsourcing because of the rising of cloud accounting.Asian Journal of Business Management,5(1), pp.140-143. Zirpoli, F. and Becker, M., 2011. What happens when you outsource too much?.MIT Sloan Management Review,52(2), p.59.

Apparent Feminisms In The Play Trifles Essays - Trifles,

Apparent Feminisms In The Play Trifles Apparent Feminisms in the Play Trifles Male domination in 1916, when Susan Glaspells play Trifles was written, was the way of life. Men controlled most women and women were not very outspoken during that time period. Mr. Wright in her play was no different from the rest, but she made him a symbol of all the men in the community. The play opens at the scene of the crime. The first three characters who enter the room are the three men involved in the investigation of the murder at hand. The purpose of their visit is to find evidence of motivation of murder, but the women who they leave downstairs find the very evidence that they are looking for. The men presume the women to be harmless for a couple of reasons one being: the women are left in the kitchen where, according to the Sheriff, there are nothing but kitchen things(1174). His comment was in response to the County Attorneys question about the Sheriff being convinced that there was nothing important in the kitchen nothing that would point to any motive (1174). The concerns of the women are considered little or silly and insignificant and this is the most important reason for the mens comments about them. The Sheriff laughs when the women express that maybe the frozen preserves have some meaning (1174). Mr. Hale, who is the husband of one of the women, comments women are used to worrying over trifles (1174). They figure the women are not dangerous because they are in a room where there could not possibly be any evidence, but also because they believe that the womens minds are so limited to trifles that they are not a threat to the investigation. The men feel that the women cannot think, cannot act, and cannot do any harm to their investigative work. However, the women find lots of evidence in that room. They do think, act, and sabotage the investigation. They find the very evidence that the men are looking for. In most stories of this nature the men are the center of attention, but Glaspell opens our eyes to something new. Not only do the men not solve the case, but they also arent the center of attention. Even though the men were not using lots of demeaning dialogue and they are not patronizing the women, it is clear that they are using the traditional manly ways to put the women down. Men say that they are superior to women and that they can do everything by themselves, but why is it that the County Attorneys biggest dilemma is that he cannot figure this case out by himself yet the women can? The mens lack of knowledge, the failure to solve the case, and the mens insignificance in the play speak for themselves. This is a reversal of the characterizations of the women of that time period. Glaspell was successful in showing us this by letting the audience see everything from a womans point of view. Not only were the men superficial feminists, they were simply trifles. Theater

Originality or Comformity essays

Originality or Comformity essays Many people use clothes to communicate thoughts, feelings and expressions. If school uniforms were mandated, this form of expression would be stifled. For most students, uniforms would be a drudgery to wear. First of all, uniqueness would be hard to show amongst the students. If everyone looked the same, how could anyone be an individualist? We d start to become; and eventually be, conformists. In the same way that originality is lost, part of our personal freedom is infringed, by making students wear uniforms. Students use clothing to express opinions, and students have a right to an opinion, dont they? The charter of rights and freedoms states that, every person is entitled to the freedom of choice. If students are forced to wear a uniform, and robbed of their freedom of choice, then several statements from the charter of rights and freedoms, would be made untrue. If a students clothing is dictated to them, it halts their liberty of choice and expression. Another consideration of uniforms is that they must be cleaned constantly. To maintain a consistent personal hygiene, uniforms would have to be cleaned at a constant rate. Rem ember, there is a limited amount of uniforms per student, so students cant wear a different set (of uniforms) everyday. Also, today, no service comes without a charge. Thus cleaning the uniforms regularly would cost money. Some uniforms even need to be dry- cleaned. Through the eyes of a teenager, expression of thoughts and ideas is one of the most important forms of communication, and uniforms would make this almost impossible. Clothing is a legitimate way for many people to express themselves as human beings. ...

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Humanities - Modernism in Art, Literature and Film - Essay Example The essay "Humanities - Modernism in Art, Literature and Film" gives a detailed information about the art. literature and film of postmodernism era. The first half of the nineteenth century Europe witnessed a large number of wars and revolution that consequently lead to â€Å"turning away† form traditional form of aesthetics and evolved a new genre of art, culture and social activities. Modernism rejected the doctrine of the conviction in â€Å"Enlightenment Thinking† and negated the existence of an empathetic and omnipotent creator. But these essentially doesn’t mean that the movement of modernism negated the existence for all kinds of religion and existence of god, nor do they rejected every kind of â€Å"Enlightened Thought†, to be more precise rather, modernism was a movement that challenged and questioned the maxims of the previous age. Modernism, therefore, marks a very distinguishing difference with the Victorian bourgeois morality and a complete de viation from the nineteenth century optimism. It profoundly displayed pessimistic scenario of a culture in disorder. Modernism, as a movement and as an aesthetic form, is subjected to myriads of criticism. Charles Baudelaire is treated as one of the major poets of the modernist movement and a staunch follower and patron of modern art and literature. Baudelaire was the first author of the symbolist tradition. In his ‘To the Bourgeois and The Heroism of Modern Life, from Salons of 1845 and 1846’, Baudelaire wrote, â€Å"It is true that the great tradition has been lost..."

Assignment 10 Chapter 9 Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

10 Chapter 9 - Assignment Example Resource loading gives a project planner a rough estimate of the resources that are required for a given project. Resource loading is determined to a large extent by the time to be taken by each project activity. Resource loading differs from resource leveling in that resource leveling aims at appropriate resource allocation such that the activity is not over-allocated any resource. It also reduces any chances of under-allocation of resources. Resource leveling can be done by delaying or splitting an activity until when the required resource is available. Critical chain concept was developed to solve the problem of time wastage in project implementation. Critical chain is explained as the longest chain of project tasks that are logically dependent. Since the planner cannot be sure of the critical chain timeline, buffers are used manage and control any variations that might occur. Buffers ensure that the project finish date is not

Effect of Mineral Deficiency on Plant Growth

Effect of Mineral Deficiency on Plant Growth Aim To investigate the effect of mineral deficiencies towards the growth of Lemna sp Introduction Plants need water, carbon dioxide and sunlight to synthesise carbohydrates during photosynthesis. To synthesise nutrients and other organic substances, plants need additional elements. Mineral elements are one of the essential chemical elements required by plants in order to achieve optimal growth and development. Mineral elements are mostly obtained in the form of inorganic ions from the soil through their roots. Most of the time, the mineral ions in soil water are present only in low concentration, often lower than that in cytoplasm of root cells. So, in order to obtain mineral ions into the cells, they are taken up selectively against the concentration gradient by active transport, using energy from the respiration of plants.The uptake process occurs with the help of the specific protein pumps in the plasma membrane of the root cells. This usually results in accumulation of mineral ions in the root cells. The mineral ions are then carried in the apoplast or symplast pathway until they reach the endodermis containing impermeable Casparian strip.They then enter the cytoplasm of cells either by diffusion or active transport and reach the xylem of the plant to be transported in the water that moves up continuously in the transpiration stream. Once the mineral ions reach the tissues where they are needed, they move out of the xylem into the cells either by diffusion or active transport, depending on the permeability of cell membranes and relative concentrations of ions inside and outside the cells. Generally, mineral elements required by plants can be divided into two categories, macronutrients and micronutrients. Macronutrients can be broken into two more groups: primary and secondary nutrients. The primary nutrients are nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K). These major nutrients usually are lacking from the soil first because plants use large amounts for their growth and survival. The secondary nutrients are calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), and sulfur (S). There are usually enough of these nutrients in the soil so fertilization is not always needed. Also, large amounts of Calcium and Magnesium are added when lime is applied to acidic soils. Sulfur is usually found in sufficient amounts from to slow decomposition of soil organic matter, an important reason for not throwing out grass clippings and leaves.Nitrogen is a part of all living cells and is a necessary part of all proteins, enzymes and metabolic processes involved in the synthesis and transfer of energy. Nitrogen is a part of chlorophyll, the green pigment of the plant that is responsible for photosynthesis.Helps plants with rapid growth, increasing seed and fruit production and improving the quality of leaf and forage crops. Nitrogen often comes from fertilizer application and from the air (legumes get their N from the atmosphere, water or rainfall contributes very little nitrogen). Like nitrogen, phosphorus (P) is an essential part of the process of photosynthesis. Involved in the formation of all oils, sugars, starches, etc. Helps with the transformation of solar energy into chemical energy; proper plant maturation; withstanding stress. Effects rapid growth. Encourages blooming and root growth. Phosphorus often comes from fertilizer, bone meal, and superphosphate. Potassium is absorbed by plants in larger amounts than any other mineral element except nitrogen and, in some cases, calcium. Helps in the building of protein, photosynthesis, fruit quality and reduction of diseases. Potassium is supplied to plants by soil minerals, organic materials, and fertilizer. Calcium, an essential part of plant cell wall structure, provides for normal transport and retention of other elements as well as strength in the plant. It is also thought to counteract the effect of alkali salts and organic acids within a plant. Sources of calcium are dolomitic lime, gypsum, and superph osphate. Magnesium is part of the chlorophyll in all green plants and essential for photosynthesis. It also helps activate many plant enzymes needed for growth. Soil minerals, organic material, fertilizers, and dolomitic limestone are sources of magnesium for plants. Sulfur is essential plant food for production of protein. Promotes activity and development of enzymes and vitamins. Helps in chlorophyll formation. Improves root growth and seed production. Helps with vigorous plant growth and resistance to cold. Sulfur may be supplied to the soil from rainwater. It is also added in some fertilizers as an impurity, especially the lower grade fertilizers. Lemna is a genus of free-floating aquatic plants from the duckweed family. These rapidly-growing plants have found uses as a model system for studies in community ecology, basic plant biology, in ecotoxicology, in production of biopharmaceuticals, and as a source of animal feeds for agriculture and aquaculture. The duckweeds have been classified as a separate family, the Lemnaceae, but some researchers (the AGP II) consider the duckweeds members of the Araceae.Lemna species grow as simple free-floating thalli on or just beneath the water surface. Most are small, not exceeding 5 mm in length, except Lemna trisulca which is elongated and has a branched structure. Lemna thalli have a single root, which distinguishes them from related genera Spirodela and Landoltia. The plants grow mainly by vegetative reproduction: two daughter plants bud off from the adult plant. This form of growth allows very rapid colonisation of new water. Duckweeds are flowering plants, and nearly all of them are known to reproduce sexually, flowering and producing seed under appropriate conditions. Certain duckweeds (e.g. L. gibba) are long day plants, while others (e.g. L. minor) are short day plants.When Lemna invades a waterway, it can be removed mechanically, by the addition of herbivorous fish (e.g. grass carp) or treated with a herbicide.The rapid growth of duckweeds finds application in bioremediation of polluted waters and as test organisms for environmental studies. It is also being used as an expression system for economical production of complex biopharmaceuticals. Duckweed meal (dried duckweed) is a good cattle feed. It contains 25-45% proteins (depending on the growth conditions), 4.4% fat, and 8-10% fibre, measured by dry weight. Lemna has been transformed by molecular biologists to express proteins of pharmaceutical interest. Expression constructs were engineered to cause Lemna to secrete the transformed proteins into the growth medium at high yield. Since the Lemna is grown on a simple medium, this substantially reduces the burden of protein purification in preparing such proteins for medical use, promising substantial reductions in manufacturing costs. In addition, the host Lemna can be engineered to cause secretion of proteins with human patterns of glycosylation, an improvement over conventional plant gene-expression systems. Several such products are being developed, including monoclonal antibodies. Problem Statement: How do the deficiencies of minerals affect the growth of Lemna sp ? Hypothesis: Lemna plants grow healthily in complete culture solution. When there is deficiency of certain minerals, Lemna plants will show the symptoms of deficiency of that particular minerals. Variables Manipulated: Type of mineral deficiencies Responding: The growth of Lemna sp Fixed: Intensity of sunlight, type,size and number of Lemna plants used, concentration of carbon dioxide and volume of solution Apparatus Petri dishes Petri dishes cover forceps measuring cylinder droppers. Materials A range of solutions including solutions with all solutions present lacking nitrogen, NO3- lacking phosphate, PO43- lacing potassium, K+ lacking magnesium, Mg2+ lacking calcium, Ca2+ lacking zinc, Zn2+ lacking iron, Fe2+ Lemna Stickers Tissue paper Procedures One petri dish and its cover is washed using water and dried using tissue paper. Four pairs of Lemna sp are picked out using a forceps and placed inside the clean petri dish. This step is done with extra care as to minimise the damage done to the Lemna sp. Step 1 and 2 are repeated 8 times to prepare 8 petri dishes , each containing 4 pair of Lemna sp. The culture solutions are measured at 15ml using a measuring cylinder. Every petri dish is then filled with different culture solutions with different mineral deficiencies, NO3-,PO43-,K+,Mg2+,Ca2+,Zn2+,Fe2. The last petri dish is filled with perfect culture solution in which all the minerals are present. All the petri dishes are placed at a spot where light intensity is just sufficient for the Lemna sp to grow. The Lemna sp are observed carefully for a full 10days of study. The Lemna sp. are observed for the number of leaves ,the colour of leaves and the number of plants with roots. The observations or data are recorded into a table. Results Day 2 Number of live plants:  4 Number of green leaves:  10 Number of plants with roots:  1 Growth abnormalities:  None Day 4 Number of live plants:  6 Number of green leaves:  17 Number of plants with roots:  3 Growth abnormalities:  None Day 6 Number of live plants:  12 Number of green leaves:  28 Number of plants with roots:  6 Growth abnormalities:  None Day 8 Number of live plants:  15 Number of green leaves:  36 Number of plants with roots:  11 Growth abnormalities:  None Day 10 Number of live plants:  20 Number of green leaves:  57 Number of plants with roots:  13 Growth abnormalities:  None Table 1 Data for normal culture solution (Control experiment) Number of live plants:   Number of green leaves:   Number of plants with roots:   Growth abnormalities:   Day 2 Number of live plants:  4 Number of green leaves:  8 Number of plants with roots:  21 Growth abnormalities:  None Day 4 Number of live plants:  4 Number of green leaves:  11 Number of plants with roots:  2 Growth abnormalities:  Leaves turn pale green Day 6 Number of live plants:  6 Number of green leaves:  17 Number of plants with roots:  4 Growth abnormalities:   Growth of root stunted Leaves turn yellowish Day 8 Number of live plants:  7 Number of green leaves:  22 Number of plants with roots:  5 Growth abnormalities:   Growth stunted Leaves turn paler and yellowish Day 10 Number of live plants:  8 Number of green leaves:  27 Number of plants with roots:  6 Growth abnormalities:   Growth of root stunted Leaves turn very pale green or yellowish Table 2 Data for culture solution lacking nitrate ions Day 2 Number of live plants:  4 Number of green leaves:  8 Number of plants with roots:  0 Growth abnormalities:  None Day 4 Number of live plants:  6 Number of green leaves:  13 Number of plants with roots:  1 Growth abnormalities:  None Day 6 Number of live plants:  7 Number of green leaves:  16 Number of plants with roots:  2 Growth abnormalities:  Leaves turn pale green Day 8 Number of live plants:  9 Number of green leaves:  20 Number of plants with roots:  4 Growth abnormalities:   Leaves turn pale green and yellowish Some leaves appear to be twisted Day 10 Number of live plants:  11 Number of green leaves:  24 Number of plants with roots:  6 Growth abnormalities:   Most leaves turn yellowish Some leaves bleached Table 3 Data for culture solution lacking of sulphate ions Day 2 Number of live plants:  4 Number of green leaves:  8 Number of plants with roots:  0 Growth abnormalities:  Edges of leaves turn yellow Day 4 Number of live plants:  5 Number of green leaves:  10 Number of plants with roots:  1 Growth abnormalities:  Leaves turn yellow Day 6 Number of live plants:  7 Number of green leaves:  15 Number of plants with roots:  2 Growth abnormalities:  Some leaves curl and crinkle Day 8 Number of live plants:  9 Number of green leaves:  19 Number of plants with roots:  3 Growth abnormalities:  Leaves turn yellow Day 10 Number of live plants:  10 Number of green leaves:  22 Number of plants with roots:  5 Growth abnormalities:   Leaves turn yellow Some leaves decompose Table 4 Data for culture solution lacking of potassium ions Day 2 Number of live plants:  4 Number of green leaves:  8 Number of plants with roots:  0 Growth abnormalities:  None Day 4 Number of live plants:  5 Number of green leaves:  10 Number of plants with roots:  0 Growth abnormalities:  Leaves turn pale green Day 6 Number of live plants:  7 Number of green leaves:  19 Number of plants with roots:  1 Growth abnormalities:  Leaves turn pale green or yellowish Day 8 Number of live plants:  8 Number of green leaves:  22 Number of plants with roots:  2 Growth abnormalities:  Leaves turn white and yellowish Day 10 Number of live plants:  9 Number of green leaves:  25 Number of plants with roots:  4 Growth abnormalities:  Almost all leaves yellow or bleached Table 5 Data for culture solution lacking of magnesium ions Day 2 Number of live plants:  2 Number of green leaves:  4 Number of plants with roots:  0 Growth abnormalities:   All plants die Areas between leaf veins turn yellow Day 4 Number of live plants:  0 Number of green leaves:  0 Number of plants with roots:  0 Growth abnormalities:  Leaves turn white Day 6 Number of live plants:  0 Number of green leaves:  0 Number of plants with roots:  0 Growth abnormalities:  Leaves turn white Day 8 Number of live plants:  0 Number of green leaves:  0 Number of plants with roots:  0 Growth abnormalities:  Leaves turn white and disintegrate Day 10 Number of live plants:  0 Number of green leaves:  0 Number of plants with roots:  0 Growth abnormalities:  Leaves disintegrate Table 6 Data for culture solution lacking of calcium ions Day 2 Number of live plants:  4 Number of green leaves:  9 Number of plants with roots:  0 Growth abnormalities:  None Day 4 Number of live plants:  6 Number of green leaves:  17 Number of plants with roots:  2 Growth abnormalities:  Leaves turn yellowish Day 6 Number of live plants:  9 Number of green leaves:  23 Number of plants with roots:  6 Growth abnormalities:  Some leaves turn pale green Day 8 Number of live plants:  13 Number of green leaves:  30 Number of plants with roots:  11 Growth abnormalities:  Some leaves turn dark green with red or purple spots Day 10 Number of live plants:  15 Number of green leaves:  34 Number of plants with roots:  12 Growth abnormalities:   Stunted growth Roots grow poorly Table 7 Data for culture solution lacking of phosphate ions Day 2 Number of live plants:  4 Number of green leaves:  8 Number of plants with roots:  1 Growth abnormalities:  None Day 4 Number of live plants:  7 Number of green leaves:  16 Number of plants with roots:  4 Growth abnormalities:  Leaves turn pale green Day 6 Number of live plants:  11 Number of green leaves:  29 Number of plants with roots:  7 Growth abnormalities:  Leaves turn pale green or yellow Day 8 Number of live plants:  14 Number of green leaves:  32 Number of plants with roots:  10 Growth abnormalities:  Some leaves completely bleached Day 10 Number of live plants:  18 Number of green leaves:  41 Number of plants with roots:  14 Growth abnormalities:  Leaves turn pale green or yellow or completely bleached Table 8 Data for culture solution lacking of iron ions Discussion In this experiment, we are determining the effect of minerals deficiencies on the growth of Lemna  sp. The manipulated variable used is the type of minerals deficiencies. The culture solutions used in  this experiment have different minerals deficiencies which are Calcium, Magnesium, Sulfate, Phosphate, Nitrate, Iron, and Potassium ions. There is a solution which does not have any minerals deficiencies. It is a perfect culture solution. This culture solution is used as a control in this experiment to compare the effect of different minerals deficiencies with the perfect culture solution. The conditions of Lemna sp. in other culturesolutions with minerals deficiencies are compared with the Lemna sp. in the control solution. The responding variable is growth of the Lemna sp. where we count the number of leaves and observe the colour of leaves at the end of experiment. Lemna sp. is used because they are easy to find, observe and count the number of leaves. The number and colour of t he leaves are recorded into a table. The fixed variable used is the amount of sunlight and air obtained. The petri dishes which are involved in the experiment are placed on a spot where sunlight can reach them. This situation is fixed so that it will not affect the result which is the number and colour of the leaves. Besides, volume of culture solution is also one of the fixed variable. This is an important fixed variable because different volume of culture solution will affect the rate of growth of Lemna sp. moreover, different volume of culture solution will also affect the number of leaves at the end of experiment. Thus, constant or fixed volume of each culture solution is needed so that it will give a valid result for the data. Last but not least, type of plant used is also another fixed variable. Different plants have different growth rate. Therefore, Lemna sp. is used because it is easy to find and observe. Every petri dishes need to be synchronised together by using Lemna sp. Interpretation of Data The analysis of data can be done by tabulating the data from Table 1. Table 1 show the observations obtained on the growth of Lemna plants after ten days of investigation. Based on the results obtained, it can be seen that the absence of different mineral elements has different effects on growth of Lemna plants. Lemna plants grow into healthy plants in complete culture solution. Their growth increases rapidly as seen from the table with number of live plants increases from 4 to 20, number of green leaves increases from 10 to 57 and number of plants with roots increases from 1 to 13. There is no growth abnormality. This is because normal culture solution provides them with all the necessary mineral. ions at appropriate concentrations for optimal growth. In culture solution deficient of nitrogen ions, chlorosis takes place as the leaves turn pale, due to lack of chlorophyll as it plays a role as a major component of chlorophyll. Nitrate ion is needed for the formation of amino acid, enzymes and plant hormones. Lacking of nitrate ion causes no amino acids, enzymes and plant hormones produced at all. Photosynthetic enzymes and hormones which is essential for the metabolism of plant cell cannot be made. Therefore, the growth is stunted with only minor increase of number of live plants from 4 to 8, and increase in number of green leaves until the end of experiment with a difference of 5 and a notable decrease in number of plants with roots from 21 to 6. Sulphate ions deficiency affects the production of chlorophyll leading to an overall chlorosis of the leaves with general yellowing of leaves observed. This is observed with a steady increase in number of green leaves, with difference of 4 at the end of experiment, indicating that more leaves are turning yellow. Some leaves appear to be twisted and brittle. Stunted root growth is also observed as towards the end of the experiment, the root growth is constant with difference of 2 plants with roots observed every 2 days. Potassium ions deficiency shows first in marginal chlorosis, that is yellowing at the edges of the leaves as observed on Day 2. It is also observed that the number of live plants and green leaves increases with a decreasing rate with the leaves curl and being crinkly. Some parts of the plants decompose as seen on Day 10 as premature death occurs because lack of potassium affects various activities of plants such as protein synthesis, carbohydrate metabolism, enzymatic activities and others. Potassium ion is needed for the active transport in the guard cells. Guard cells actively pumps in potassium ion so that the stoma will open as water flow by osmosis from low solute concentration region to high solute concentration region. Lacking of potassium ion causes the stoma to close. This eventually affect the rate of photosynthesis. Sugars cannot be made and the metabolism of plant cells is affected. Therefore, the growth rate is affected and the number of leaves at the end of experiment i s reduced. As magnesium is an essential part of the chlorophyll molecule, plants lacking of magnesium show chlorosis in which all the leaves turn yellow and eventually die. In the absence of magnesium, the synthesis of the chlorophyll is inhibited. This is shown with the small and decreasing difference in number of live plants and green leaves towards the end of the experiment, illustrating that number of leaves turning yellow or white increases, because of chlorosis. In culture solution deficient of calcium ions , areas between leaf veins become yellow are observed on second day. The leaves have distorted shape. Growth of the leaves is stunted and the growing points die back too as lack of calcium affects plant cell growth and enzymatic reactions. This is shown with no more living Lemna plants from Day 4 onwards as all the leaves turn white and disintegrate. This happens because calcium ion is needed for the formation of cell wall during cell division. Lacking of calcium ion will cause no cell division occur as calcium pectate cannot be formed. Permeability of the cell is also affected. Lacking of calcium causes the cell sap and the cytosol diffuse out of the cell. This will cause the death of cells. Phosphorus deficiency results the leaves turning to dark green color with red or purple spots on them surfacing on the day 8 of the experiment. They grow slowly and their roots grow poorly as compared to others with only difference of 1 plant with root between Day 8 and 10. This happens because phosphorus is necessary in almost all aspects of growth and metabolism in plants. In culture solution deficient of iron, there is chlorosis (yellowing of leaves) at the base of the leaves, leading to some completely bleached leaves. Deficiency in iron leads to decrease in chlorophyll molecules, causing chlorosis. However, in this experiment, the number of lives plants, green leaves and plants with roots generally increases instead of decreases. Ferum ion is needed for the formation of chlorophyll. Lacking of ferum ion causes no synthesis of chlorophyll. No production of chlorophyll will cause the colour of leaves to change as the colour of chlorophyll is green. Source of errors and ways to overcome these error: Errors are present when the experiment is being conducted, leading to discrepancy and inaccuracy in results obtained. No measurement is exact. All types of measurement will have some degree of error or uncertainty. Generally, errors can be divided into systematic errors and random errors. Systematic errors are cumulative errors that can be corrected, if known. Random errors are errors arise from unknown and unpredictable variations in condition while carrying out the experiment. Random errors may be due to human limitations, lack of sensitivity, natural environment and use of wrong technique of measurement. Random errors are present in this experiment. Thus, it is best to be minimized by repeating the experiment a couple of times. Parallax error is one example of random errors. It is an error in reading an instrument when the observers eyes are not in a line perpendicular to the plane of the scale of measuring instrument. For this experiment, the culture solution placed into each petri dish may not be exactly 15cm3. This happens when the position of the eyes is not directly perpendicular to the meniscus of the culture solution in the 10cm3 measuring cylinder. Varying volume of culture solution in different petri dishes may slightly affect the growth of the Lemna plants as the higher the volume of culture solution, the higher the amount of mineral nutrients present, the higher the rate of growth of Lemna plants. Thus, to improve the accuracy of data, parallax error should be avoided while taking any measurement in the experiment. Furthermore, human errors like being too harsh when handling the Lemna plants is also one of the sources. This may do damage to the plants and greatly affects the survival rate and the growth of the plant. The observers may also wrongly count the number of leaves leading to unreliable results being produced. Limitations: The impurities found in the culture solution will affect the validity of the result. This occurs when the culture solution is being prepared. The impurities contained inside the water will enter the culture solution and hence contaminate the solution. This varies the amount of minerals found within each solution and this may affects the growth of Lemna sp. In addition, there is also limitation from the visual method of diagnosis used in obtaining results of the experiment. This is because symptoms of certain mineral deficiencies may be suppressed by others factor besides lack of certain mineral elements. For example, the weather conditions such as light illumination. Light illumination to which the Lemna plants are exposed to may vary when a few petri dishes are placed too close together or on top of another, blocking each other, affecting the amount of light received by the Lemna plants in the petri dishes. All these may lead to wrong results and conclusions being obtained. Thus, we ather conditions should be ensured being one of the constant variables in this investigation too. Besides, the disease-causing microorganisms will cause the death of the Lemna sp. indirectly. This will also affect the number of leaves at the end of experiment obtained and the observers may be ignorant for this fact and attribute the death of the Lemna plants to the deficiencies of certain minerals. Intraspecific competition is also present among the Lemna plants. They may compete for all the known necessities, like water, air sunlight as well as minerals. Those that failed to compete maybe wiped out and hence lead to death. This point also points out that the death in number of Lemna plants may not be completely due to the deficiencies of minerals in plants. Human limitation is one of the limitation and random errors in this experiment. The results of the experiment may have been affected due to the limitation in the observers observation skills when observing the growth of plants. Although the deficiency symptoms shown by Lemna plants for each mineral elements investigated are quite visually distinct, mistakes can still occur especially when they are viewed by different observers. For example, different observers may misidentify and count different number of Lemna leaves in a petri dish. Besides that, observer may also mixed up between different deficiency symptoms shown by Lemna plants especially those complicated ones, leading to inaccuracy of results. To minimize such error, the observations on the Lemna plants should be carried

Unequal Distribution of Power

Marxist speaks about the unequal distribution of power and wealth and resources in a society. They believe the ones with the resources in a society. They believe that the ones with the resources are the ones oppressing those without those resources. Marxist links their theory to deviance by saying because some have access to fewer resources in the Capitalist society they are seen as more likely to commit crime. Marxist speaks about the upper classes using their power influence and their wealth to hide their crimes and deviant behaviours.They buy their way out of trouble by hiring attorneys and using bribes. Marxist thought to argue that deviance is deliberately chosen and often political in nature. They rejected the idea that deviance is ‘determined’ by factors such as biology, personality, anomie, social disorganization or labels. Rather they argued, individuals actively choose to engage in deviant behaviour respond to the inequalities of the capitalist system. Because this is so, they set up a system where there is something such as social control agents these are they who administer the response to deviance such as police and the army.Although the oppressed groups in society (proletariat) may behave or act deviant, whether or not they do they are more likely to be labelled deviant. For instance in Trinidad there is some communities that are seen as or labelled as deviant places because of its crime rate. Although, not everyone living there are criminals are categorized or group together with that so called deviant community. For instance someone who lives in Lavantille may go to an interview has all the qualifications but because he/ she resides there they may not be ‘‘qualified’’ for the job.The other social classes are not crime-free, the ruling groups in society develop means and mechanisms to protect their interest according to conflict theorist who argue that laws are created protect and sustain the capitalist. Alt hough the public seems to think that the lower classes are more likely commit crime, white-collar workers also commit many crimes. White collar criminal activity in Trinidad and Tobago, though hardly ever reported is not un-noticed. It exists at various levels of society both in the public and private sector.However, the merits or demerits of any allegation of wrongdoings made are hardly ever thoroughly investigated, and almost never comes before a criminal court. It is instead ascribed to poor corporate governance rather than deliberate criminal acts. The police or some rather of this small Caribbean island of Trinidad are very corrupt they will commit wrongful doings of all kind and yet still walk freely like it is normal. It is indeed true that they are protected by their own kind.

African Americans and Slavery

African Americans and Slavery in the Revolutionary period The American Revolution was a time of great turmoil for all men and women in the United States. Great debates came and went during this time; slavery and the freedom of black men being the main problems in these debates. Slaves were used for a great number of things during the American revolutionary period. The arrival of slavery to the American colonies began in the 1600s and started out in Virginia.As the years passed more and more African-Americans were brought into the colonies to be used as labor workers. The beginning amount of slaves continued to grow and by the beginning of the revolution there were about 273,000 slaves spread throughout the American states. With the coming of the revolution all African-Americans, slave or free, knew something was coming and each had a different response to these comings. There were differences in the responses of slaves and free men during the American Revolution. There were also cons equences to their choices. Gaining freedom in a land of captivity and wresting equality from a society whose founding documents guarantee it has been the consuming desire and everlasting hope that has kept harrowed bodies and weary souls going. † In the southern states African-American slaves were treated harsher than those in the north. The plantations down south required back –breaking hours of work in the sun that White Americans believed could only be done by those they had bought. There was a reason for them to be there and until they could no longer work they were to do all things imaginable for their owners, no questions asked.Some of these slaves thought it was easier to run away from their owners and that in doing so they would have a chance to fight for their country. Slaves could either flee to the north or they could flee to Spanish owned Florida. In cases where a master was called upon to fight, they would send a slave in their place and if they lived long enough to return home they earned freedom. Many of the slaves decided that if they had a chance to gain their freedom by joining the war effort then they would gladly take their masters place.They also believed that with the beginning to the revolutionary period would bring a new deed to the land and when it was over there would no longer be a need for slaves. The consequences for slaves in the south were innumerable. Like many slaves, they took this time to run from slave masters and plantations. If these southern slaves were caught, depending on the owner, the slave could suffer mild to severe consequences. Depending on the demeanor of the owner a slave could be punished in several different ways. Whipping, branding, slapping, being dunked underwater, and kicking were just some forms of punishment.The most severe punishments were to cut off a body part like an ear in the hopes that the slave would learn and never run again. There were also â€Å"nice† slave owners that chos e not to punish their slaves. There justification for not punishing their slaves was so that they would continue to work and so that the owner could buy more slaves with the money that they continued to pool in from the work. Because of some owners that continuously harassed Washington, he stopped allowing slaves into his army. But General Washington, fearing rebellion, created an order that stated that all blacks were not allowed to fight.Later he partially reversed the order and allowed only free black men to fight with him. Some slaves believed that taking a chance to flee towards the north was a far-fetched idea. They were seeking freedom in the quickest possible way. Lord Dunmore sent out a proclamation that stated in exchange for freedom any black that came to him would fight against the patriots and become a loyalist. Dunmore’s promise of freedom fueled black slaves to escape and even some patriots fled to fight as a loyalist. After the war, true to his word, slaves ga ined their freedom.Some of these newly freed slaves went to Britain but many of them stayed in the Americas. On the other hand free men in the north believed the revolution would bring about change for the better. Their idea of the revolution was that they were being given the chance to gain independence from Great Britain and also for themselves. It was a defining moment in history that they were to be a part of. Fighting with white men gave these free black men a sense of honor and it also gave them a job where they could earn a little money to put towards getting homes and things of that nature.Men from the north gradually began to realize that they could fight with their brethren and bring independence to the land. General Washington passed an order stating that no black man was allowed into his army. This order came about because of general angst from some slave owners. These owners believed that there should not be any blacks fighting for the independence because they were onl y good for being slaves and they would never have say over anything. After some time Washington, fearing not having enough men to fight against the British, partially eversed this order to allow only free black men. Other than this there were not many consequences that are recorded for free black men. These free men not only fought for the independence of the nation but also for their independence and the independence of other black men and women. African-Americans from the north and south chose to join the continental army because they believed that they should help make the place the lived independent from a tyranny that had no say in the matters of a new country. They felt that this tyranny could take their rights and place them under unfair rule once again.Some of the freemen and slaves that had started out in the continental army decided to run to the British army but were not successful in their plights. Nash called the revolution the ‘greatest slave rebellion in America n history’ because it was just that. The revolution opened up new grounds for slaves to rebel against owners because it was the most opportune time for them to do so. â€Å"If any group within America’s diversified people came close to answering John Adams’s plea that ‘we must all be soldiers,’ it was black Americans.No part of revolutionary society responded to the call for arms with anywhere near the enthusiasm of those who were black. Proportionate to their number, African American males— and some females— were more likely to join the fray than white Americans. † According to this excerpt from another one of Nash’s books, African-Americans were much more adept to answering the plea of John Adams. If there were more African-American fighters than white that meant that more black males were subject to put themselves in danger in order to gain freedom.They would rather have one day of freedom, not knowing if they would di e in the next second, hour, or day, than be a slave for the rest of their lives. This is one of the reasons why Nash called the revolution the ‘greatest slave rebellion in American history’. â€Å"Desperate to fill the thinned ranks of its regiments, states offered freedom†¦ to serve during the continuance of the present war with Great Britain. Every black enlistee would be ‘immediately discharged from the service of his master or mistress, and be absolutely free, as if he had never been encumbered with any kind of servitude or slavery. If states were desperate to have more men come into their ranks then there was nothing really stopping slaves from escaping their masters and coming to fight. They all wanted freedom from someone. Slaves wanted freedom from their bonds that were tied to the soil they worked and the Americans wanted freedom from Great Britain. Both groups had their reasons to fight and the only way slaves knew how to become free was to rebel a nd run to an army. This was a time for large rebellions on all fronts not just from the slaves.It was a rebellion against the British from the former colonists and a rebellion against the men and women that were taken from their homes to somehow create new ones. â€Å"It may have been, as Nash says ‘the greatest slave rebellion in American history,’ but for most of the rebels it ended like the others, in death. Slaves who supported the American side fared better, but not much better. Only with great reluctance did Washington allow some to join his army. Other Virginians had another wartime use for them.In 1780 the state legislature offered salves as a bounty for enlistment in the war against British tyranny. The revolution did see enactment of measures for gradual emancipation in the northern states, but the number who benefited was small. † My view on the American Revolution has changed somewhat because of how the African-Americans were treated during and after the period of war. The Americans act as though they had not been fighting alongside each other and because of this withhold distaste for the blacks.The completely disregard the idea that every man is created equal and has certain unalienable rights. They do not extend these ideas that were written down on the Declaration of Independence to the free black Americans. Men that had fought with and under Washington were not looked as the same because the color of their skin and were not given the same rights. Because of how they were treated I see the Revolution more as a war against Britain to save other whites from tyranny rather than to gain independence for all mankind. ——————————————– 1 ]. Gary B. Nash, The Forgotten Fifth: African Americans in the Age of Revolution (Harvard University: 2006), 1. [ 2 ]. Taymor, . â€Å"US History Documents. † Last modified 2005. Accessed J anuary 27, 2013. http://inside. sfuhs. org/dept/history/US_History_reader/Chapter2/Nashfighting. pdf. [ 3 ]. Taymor, . â€Å"US History Documents. † Last modified 2005. Accessed January 27, 2013. http://inside. sfuhs. org/dept/history/US_History_reader/Chapter2/Nashfighting. pdf. [ 4 ]. Edmund S. Morgan, review of The Unknown American Revolution: The

Marriage Of Love By William Shakespeare - 885 Words

Name-Chiagozie Harry Okeke Course-ENGL 200 Instructor-Prof.Scott. Maisano Date-10-20-15 (Revised Essay) Marriage of Love (Sonnet 116 by William Shakespeare) ‘’Love is not love,’’ alters when it alteration finds,’’ or bends with the remover to remove’’ the first phrase ‘’Love is not love,’’ alter when it alteration finds, simply means that love is not love when it continues to change even when one person has noticed that their beloved has changed. However, If one partner changes, the relationship should stay the same and not be affected by an alternative individual. The second phrase used by Shakespeare is ‘’or bends with remover to remove,’’ this phrase basically means that love is not love if it changes with another individual or person. In order words, love is constant and must work with an adapting or suitable individuals Therefore, according to my close reading analysis the poem (Sonnet 116 by Shakespeare) is a fourteen line poem that is organized into three quatrains, ending with a rhymed couplet. It also has a regular stress pattern which makes the reader to go through some difficulty in understanding what the author is trying to convey in his poem. The first quatrain of the poem began with a statement to puzzle upon ‘’Let me not to the marriage of true mind/Admit impediments (1-2),’’ this line means that love cannot be disturbed by disaster or calamity neither be changed over time. Rather, it is one unchangeable emotion that isShow MoreRelatedWilliam Shakespeare s Sonnet 116981 Words   |  4 PagesWilliam Shakespeare was born in April of 1564. His exact date of birth is unknown. By the time he passed away on April 23, 1616 he was regarded worldwide as the greatest writer in the English language. 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Who was William Shakespeare? Where was he born? Where did he go to school? How did William Shakespeare live his life from the beginning to the ending? William Shakespeare’s life became a great mystery with lack of evidence to support any findings. His schooling, his family and parents will be revealed in my paper. Who were William Shakespeare’s parents? The parents of Mr. Shakespeare were John Shakespeare and Mary Arden Shakespeare. Mary Arden married William ShakespeareRead MoreLet Me Not The Marriage Of True Minds By William Shakespeare And Entre Nous By Neil Peart962 Words   |  4 Pageskinds of audiences. All audiences react to poems differently but the main point of a poem is to leave a lasting impression on someone and changing one’s mindset hence, why they are so powerful. The poems, â€Å"Let me not to the Marriage of True Minds (sonnet 116)† by William Shakespeare and â€Å"Entre Nous† by Neil Peart are two extremely powerful poems. The poems are compelling because of their themes, tones, the dictions of the poets and the structures. Despite both of them being enthralling, they have asRead MoreThe Beauty Of Love In Shakespeares Sonnet 1161112 Words   |  5 Pagesday, are â€Å"Sonnet 130† and â€Å"Sonnet 116†. Both poems, written by Will iam Shakespeare, revolve around the theme of love. â€Å"Sonnet 130†, compares the imperfect physical attributes of the speaker’s mistress in essence of his extraordinary love for her. â€Å"Sonnet 116†, expresses the speaker’s idea of infinite and genuine love through defining what love is and is not. Throughout both compositions, William Shakespeare communicates the beauty of love through the use of imagery, symbolism, and figure of speech to